Umesh A Bahiram, Mayur G Ahire, Sushant M Ahire and Sunil K Mahajan
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds synthesized from plants and they are used for medicinal purposes since ancient time. The current study highlights the biomedical applications of two widely known phytochemicals curcumin and resveratrol. Curcumin is derived from plant curcuma longa and resveratrol from different plant, fruits such as Vitis vinifera, Morus nigra, Vaccinum macrocarrpos, and Arachis hypogaea. Synthesis of nanoparticles from curcumin and resveratrol and their nano-formulations are also focused. Phytochemicals show many bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antioxidant and anticancer, therefore, they can be used in biomedical application and therapeutic treatment. But some drawbacks such as low bioavailability, low solubility, less stability, less adsorption and target specificity leads to the obstruction in the use of phytochemicals for biomedical applications. These drawbacks can be overcome by synthesizing nanoparticles and nano-formulation using phytochemicals which will play a significant role in therapeutic treatment and biomedical applications. Nano-formulation is synthesized by using techniques such as encapsulation and chemical synthesis. Nano formulations help in disease control caused by pathogenic bacteria, biofilm forming bacteria, wound infection, chronic infections and joint infections. With the increasing concern of antibiotic resistance, it is difficult to treat chronic infections caused due to multi drug resistance pathogens. In such circumstances phytochemicals can be used as an alternative to antibiotics or in combination with antibiotics as they are less toxic. The present study shows that curcumin, resveratrol and nanoparticles synthesize from them gives promising effect against microbial infections.
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